小学英语基本语法与练习三 形容词、副词

　　知识要点

　　1)英语中大多数形容词、副词是可以分等级的，一般有三个等级：原级，比较级和更高级。形容词、副词的本来形式就是形容词的原级。如：John is a tall boy.两者间进行比较用到形容词比较级。如：Jim is taller than John.三者或者三者以上进行比较用形容词的更高级。Mike is the tallest of the three boys.(形容词更高级前面要加定冠词the)

　　2).形容词、副词比较级和更高级有规则变化和不规则变化

　　规则变化

　　①单音节或双音节的形容词(或副词)比较级+er更高级+est small-smaller-smallest等

　　②以e结尾的词，比较级+r，更高级+st即可nice-nicer-nicest

　　③以辅音字母+y结尾的，变y为i+er或est easy-easier-easiest

　　④双写较后一个辅音字母+er或est hot-hotter-hottest

　　⑥ 一些双音节及多音节形容词或副词前要加more和most，如：

　　difficult---more difficult---most difficult

　　不规则变化：

　　good/well-better-best,bad-worse-worst many/much-more-most little-less-least

　　far-further -furthest(表示程度) far-farther-farthest(表示远近) old-older-oldest(表新旧) old-elder-eldest(表兄弟姊妹之间的长幼)

　　3).比较级前的修饰词：a little, a lot, much, even; far; still

　　4)形容词、副词比较级的特殊用法

　　①形容词/副词比较级+than+ any other+单数名词(+介词短语)"表示"比同一范围的任何一个人/物都……"，含义是"较……"。

　　例如，Mike gets to school earlier than any other student in his class.

　　= Mike gets to school earlier than any of the other students in his class. = Mike gets to school earlier than the other students in his class. = Mike gets to school earliest in his class.注意：Mike gets to school earlier than any student in Tom's class.

　　②"the+形容词比较级+of the two+……"表示"...是两者中较…的"。

　　如，Look at the two boys. My brother is the taller of the two.

　　③"比较级+and+比较级"表示"越来越……"。He is getting taller and taller.

　　④"the+比较级，the+比较级"表示"越…,越…,"。The more careful you are，the fewer mistakes you'll make

　　5).更高级常用句型结构

　　①"主语+be+ the+形容词更高级+单数名词+in/of短语"表示"……是……中较……的"。

　　如，Tom is the tallest in his class./of all the students.

　　②"主语+be+ one of the+形容词更高级+复数名词+in/of短语"表示"…是……中较……之一"。

　　如，Beijing is one of the largest cities in China.

　　③序数词+更高级

　　Hainan Island is the second largest island in China.

　　训练：

　　I.写出所给词的反义词。

　　1.young________ 6.better___________

　　2. white________ 7. longer__________

　　3. big__________ 8. thinner_________

　　4. left_________ 9. far_____________

　　5.fast_________ 10. light__________

　　II. 用所给词的正确形式填空。

　　1. Maria is ________(thin). Lucy is __________(thin) than Mary.

　　2. Mike is ____________________(heavy) boy in his class.

　　3. Tom is as_________ ( tall) as Jim.

　　4. I am much _________( well) than yesterday.

　　5. This skirt is ___________________( expensive) of the three.

　　6. The weather today is ___________(hot) than it was yesterday.

　　7). Lucy writes __________________(careful) than her brother.

　　8)Today is ___________(busy) day this week.

　　9)That is ___ (easy ) of all.

　　10). He is ____ (clever ) boy in the class.

　　11). John is _____ ( short ) than Tom.

　　12). This box is ____ ( heavy ) than that one.

　　III、根据所给汉语完成句子

　　1. _____ ____exercise you take, _____ _____ (你锻炼越多就会越强壮) you will be.

　　2. Who jumped _______ (较远) of all in the long jump?

　　3. Lucy says she will write to you back ____ ____ ____ ______(尽可能快地)。

　　4. There are ____ ______ ______ (如此多的人) that we can't see each other.

　　5.-_____ _____ _____ (何时何地) shall we meet?

　　-Let's meet outside the school gate tomorrow afternoon.

　　IV、单项选择

　　( )1. -Tom is the ____ one I want to work with. He is always complaining.

　　- Be more patient. He is still a good boy.

　　A. best B. last C. first D. only

　　( )2. We want to go to Japan to have a ____ study.

　　A. farther B. farthest C. further D. furthest

　　( )3. The meeting hall is ____ to hold 5000 people.

　　A. large enough B. enough large C. so large D. too large

　　( )4. When spring comes, the trees get ____.

　　A. green and green B. green and greener

　　C. greener and green D. greener and greener

　　( )5. My _____ brother is three years ____ than I .

　　A. old; older B. elder ; older C. older; elder D. old; elder

　　( )6. He's ____ to hear the bad news.

　　A. sorry B. bad C. happy D. well

　　( )7. The snow is over one meter ____ when it's winter here.

　　A. long B. high C. thick D. this

　　( )8. This book is _____ worth seeing again.

　　A. very B. quite C. well D. much

　　( )9. My sister sat ____ to me to listen to the story.

　　A. close B. closely C. nearby D. with

　　( )10. The sports car is running ____, It seems to be flying.

　　A. fast and fast B. more and fast C. more and faster D. faster and faster

　　( )11. You run ____ for us to catch up with you.

　　A . too fast B. so fast C. too slowly D. so slowly

　　( )12. Don't look _____ the window? We're having a class.

　　A. out of B out from C. down of D. out.

　　( )13. This year our school is ____ than it was last year.

　　A. much more beautiful B. much beautiful

　　C. the most beautiful D. beautiful

　　( )14. _____ the ground is, ____ air becomes.

　　A. The high; the thin B. The highest; the thinnest

　　C. The higher; the thiner D. The higher; the thinner

　　( )15. John is ____ of the two boys.

　　A. tall B. tallest C. the tallest. D. the taller.

　　( )16. -Why does Peter like moon cakes with nuts instead of the ones with eggs?

　　-Because he thinks the moon cakes with nuts are ____.

　　A. cheap B. dear C. worse D. nicer

　　( )17. She is ____ than I

　　A. a head taller B. a taller head C. taller a head D. head taller

　　( )18. Paris is one of _____ cities in the world.

　　A. more beautifully B. more beautiful C. the most beautifully D. the most beautiful

　　( )19. Shanghai is the first _____ city in China.

　　A. big B. biggest C. the big D. the biggest

　　( )20. -Mr Zhou, of all the students in our group, who lives ___?

　　-I think Li Lei does.

　　A. far B. farther C. farthest D. the farther

　　( )21. Bob never does his homework _____ Mary, he makes lots of mistakes.

　　A. so careful as B. as carefully as C. carefully as D. as careful as.

　　( )22. My sister is good at sports, She can jump ____ than me.

　　A. highest B. very high C. too high D. much higher

　　( )23.The Yellow River is one of ___ in China.

　　A. the longest rivers B. the longer river C. the longest river D. the long river

　　( )24.I don't feel ___ to go to work today. I'm ill.

　　A. good enough B. well enough C. enough well D. enough good

　　( )25.Be quiet, class! I have ___ to tell you.

　　A. important anything B. important something C. anything important

　　D. something important

　　V、同义句转换

　　1. Math is the most difficult of all the subjects.

　　Math is ____ difficult than _____ other subject.

　　Math is _____ difficult than _____ other subjects.

　　2. Joe isn't as tall as Lucy..

　　Joe is _____ than Lucy.

　　3. Kate is 10 years old. Tom is 12 years old.

　　Kate is ____ _____ _____ _____ Tom.

　　Tom is ____ ______ _____ _____ Kate.

　　4.The bag is too expensive for me to buy.

　　The bag is _____ _____ ______for me to buy.