小学英语基本语法与练习一 名词

　　知识要点

　　一、名词的数

　　在英语中，名词按其所表示的事物的性质可分为可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。单数名词表示一个可数事物。复数名词表示两个或两个以上的可数事物。可数名词可分为单数和复数两种形式：表示一个人或事物的名词用单数形式，在使用时，前面一般加不定冠词a或an，表示两个或两个以上的人或事物的名词用复数形式,一般是在词干后附加词尾s 或es,如：bags ,boxes.名词单数变复数具体规则如下：

　　1).规则变化

　　①一般在名词后加s.如boy→boys, pen→pens等。

　　②以s, x, sh, ch结尾的，在后面加es.如class→classes,但stomach的复数为stomachs.

　　③"以辅音字母+y"结尾的，y变为i，然后再加es.如baby→babies.

　　④以f或fe结尾的名词把f或fe改为v, 再加es. 如knife, half, leaf, wolf等。

　　⑤以o结尾的名词，除tomato, potato等少数在后面加es外，一般是在后面直接加s.如kilo→kilos, photo→photos, zoo→zoos, radio→radios, piano→pianos, video→videos.

　　2).不规则变化

　　① man→men, woman→women, foot→feet, tooth→teeth,，child-children，mouse→mice

　　② 单复数形式相同如：sheep→sheep, deer→deer, Japanese→Japanese, Chinese→Chinese等。

　　③ 有些名词形式上是单数，实为复数意义，通常被称为复数名词，如：people, police等。

　　④ 由-man和-woman构成的合成词如：policeman→policemen, Englishman→Englishmen，Englishwoman-Englishwomen但German不是合成词，故复数形式为Germans.另外被man 或woman 修饰的名词变复数时，两个名词都要变。例：a man doctor →two men doctors

　　a woman teacher→some women teachers 但: apple tree→apple trees

　　⑤ 有些名词只有复数形式，如：clothes, trousers, glasses, chopsticks等。

　　⑥数词+名词作定语时， 常采用数词+单数名词形式，如a two-week holiday,

　　an 8-year old girl.另一种常见的形式有five minutes' walk, two days' leave等。

　　3)不可数名词没有单复数形式，要表示不可数名词的数量，可用以下两种方法。

　　①用much, a little, a lot of /lots of some, any等修饰不可数名词。如：

　　The rich man has a lot of money.

　　②可用表单位的词修饰不可数名词， 如：a piece of paper, two pieces of paper,

　　a bottle of orange, a glass of milk, three bags of rice。

　　二、名词的格

　　1)表示有生命的东西(人或动物)的名词所有格一般在名词后加's .如：my father's study以s或es结尾的复数名词的所有格只在名词后加' 如： the teachers' reading room 教师阅览室;不以s结尾的复数名词的所有格要加's.如：the women's shoes 女式鞋子。如果一样东西为两人共有，则只在后一个名词的后面加's。如果不是共有的，则两个名词之后都要加's .如：Jane and Helen's room 珍妮和海伦的房间(共有)Bill's and Tom's radios 比尔的收音机和汤姆的收音机(不共有)

　　2)表示无生命的东西，一般用 of+名词的结构。如：a map of China

　　训练：

　　I.写出下列名词的复数形式。

　　1.watch ____________ 11.strawberry _______________

　　2.child _____________ 12.thief ____________________

　　3. photo ____________ 13.girl student_______________

　　4.diary ____________ 14.man doctor_______________

　　5.day______________ 15.woman nurse_____________

　　6.foot______________ 16.pear tree_________________

　　7.book____________ 17. peach____________________

　　8.dress ____________ 18. box______________________

　　9.tooth____________ 19. baby____________________

　　10. deer___________ 20. German__________________

　　II. 翻译下列词组。

　　1.一些桃子 _____________________ 10.我的自行车________________

　　2.五袋大米______________________ 11.教师节 ________________

　　3.八只脚 _____________________ 12.三八妇女节________________

　　4.二十颗牙齿____________________ 13. 二张纸 ________________

　　5.三瓶果汁 _____________________ 14.四个男医生________________

　　6.四十个女警察__________________ 15.七颗梨树 ________________

　　7.十二把小刀____________________ 16.一副世界地图______________

　　8.九个德国人____________________ 17.Helen的朋友

　　9.许多孩子 _____________________ 18.双胞胎的妈妈______________

　　III. 按要求改写下列句子。

　　1. There is an orange tree in the garden.(改为复数句)

　　____________________________________________________

　　2. She is a good teacher. (改为复数句)

　　____________________________________________________

　　3. I have some interesting story books. (改为单数句)

　　____________________________________________________

　　4. There are some women teachers over there. (改为单数句)

　　_____________________________________________________

　　5. -What is it? -It's a box. (改为复数句)

　　_____________________________________________________

　　IV. 单项选择。

　　( )1.Mr Smith is _______father. They are twin sisters.

　　A. Mary 's and John's B. Mary's and John C. Mary and John's

　　( )2.She needs ___________________.

　　A. a glass water B. two glasses of water C. two glasses of waters

　　( )3.There are five______ in our school.

　　A. woman teacher B woman teachers C. women teachers

　　( )4.There are many _______ in the fridge.

　　A. food B.bread C. vegetables

　　( )5.I'm thirsty. I think I'll buy some______.

　　A. water B. eggs C. cakes

　　( ) 6.John bought ___ for himself yesterday.

　　A. two pairs of shoes B. two pair of shoe C. two pair of shoes D. two pairs shoe

　　( )7. -What would you like to have for lunch, sir? -I'd like____. !

　　A. chicken B. a chicken C. chickens D. the chicken

　　( )8. There are five ___in our factory.

　　A. woman driver B, women driver C. woman drivers D. women drivers

　　( )9. The post office is a bit far from here. It's about_____.

　　A. thirty minutes's walk B. thirty minute's walk

　　C. thirty minutes' walk D. thirty minutes walk

　　( ) 10. _____ turn yellow in autumn.

　　A. Leaf B. Leaves C. Leave D. Leafs

　　( ) 11. Will you please show me the way to the _____ shop?

　　A. shoe B. shoes' C. shoes D. shoe's

　　( )12. _____ hard work it is!

　　A. What a B. How C. What D. How a

　　( )13. His family _____ a happy one.

　　A. be B. are C. is D. was

　　( ) 14. I met two _____ in the street yesterday morning.

　　A. German B. Australian C. American D. Japanese

　　( ) 15. My grandparents like _____ very much, so they grow some in their _____ garden every year.

　　A. vegetable, vegetable B. vegetable, vegetables

　　B. C. vegetables, vegetables D. vegetables, vegetable

　　V.用所给单词的正确形式填空。

　　1. How many________(sheep) are there on the hill?

　　2. There is some________(food) in the basket.

　　3. The baby has only two________(tooth) now.

　　4. There is a lot of________(water) in the bottle.

　　5. There are five________(people ) in his family.

　　6. Let's take________(photo), OK?

　　7. I have lots of________(tomato) here.

　　8. The________(leaf) on the tree turn yellow.

　　9. Their________(dictionary) look new.

　　11. There are many________(fox) in the picture.

　　12.Different people may have different _______(idea).

　　13.Would you like some ________(tomato)?

　　14. Jim has some ____________(knife).

　　15. The girl under the tree is a friend of _______(Lucy).