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北京专项突破 中考英语听说理解

2020-12-03 19:54:27 来源:佚名
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北京专项突破 中考英语听说理解  

  一般过去时的被动语态

  1. 一般过去时的被动语态的构成

  2. 含有使役动词(make/let/have)或感官动词(hear/see等)的句子,在主动语态中这些动词后跟不带to的动词不定式作宾补,但在被动语态中,to需要再加上。help在主动语态中to可加可不加,但被动语态中一定要加。

  例如:The baby was made to laugh at last.

  He was seen to run into the classroom by his classmates.

  It is +形容词+ to do sth.

  1.It's +形容词+ (for sb.) to do sth,意为“(对某人来说)做某事是...的”,其中it作形式主语,句子的真正主语是不定式短语to do。句中的形容词是描述动词不定式的,这类形容词有:important,necessary,easy,difficult等。

  例如:It is hard for me to finish my homework today.

  2.It's +形容词+ of sb to do sth.意为“某人做某事是…的”,此句式中的形容词描述人的性格、品质的,这类形容词有:polite,nice,kind,good,friendly等。此句式可以改为sb. be +形容词+ to do sth.

  例如:It is nice of you to help me.

  You are nice to help me.

  一般将来时的被动语态

  1. 肯定句式

  主语+ will/be going to + be +及物动词的过去分词(+ by +动作执行者)

  例如:The apple trees will be planted by us tomorrow.

  The sports meeting is going to be held next week.

  2. 否定句式

  主语+ will not/isn't going to/aren't going to + be +及物动词的过去分词(by+动作执行者)

  例如:The apple trees will not be planted by us tomorrow.

  The sports meeting isn't going to be held next week.

  3. 一般疑问句式

  Will +主语+ be +及物动词的过去分词(by +动作执行者)?

  Is/Are +主语+ going to + be +及物动词的过去分词(by +动作执行者)

  例如:Will the apple trees be planted by us tomorrow?

  Is the sports meeting going to be held next week?

  which,who引导的定语从句

  which引导的定语从句通常用来修饰物,which在从句中作主语或宾语,作主语时不可省略,作宾语时通常可省略。

  例如:The building which is the oldest is our school.(作主语)

  This is the book (which) you want.(作宾语)

  The house (which) we live in is not large.(作宾语)

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  【注意】

  1.介词后面的which不能省略。

  例如:The room in which there is a machine is a workshop.

  在含有介词的动词词组中,介词只能放在动词之后,不能放在which之前。例如:This is the watch which he is looking for.

  2.who引导的定语从句用来修饰人,who在从句中作主语(口语中也可作宾语),作主语时不可省略,作宾语时通常可省略。

  例如:This is the man who helped me.(作主语)

  The boy (who) we saw yesterday is John’s brother.(作宾语)

  【助记】定语从句的关系词

  定语从句其奇妙,关系代(副)词来引导

  物用which人用who,人物均有that顾。

  【拓展】当先行词是物时,我们可用which或that引导定语从句,但下列情况宜用that引导定语从句:

  ①先行词为all,few,little,much,the one,something,anything,everything,nothing等时。

  例如:We'll do all that we can to protect the endangered animals and plants.

  ②先行词本身是形容词更高级、序数词或被形容词更高级、序数词修饰时。

  例如:This is the most beautiful city that I've ever seen.

  ③当先行词既指人又指物时。

  例如:Mary took photos of the things and people that she was interested in.

  ④先行词被the only,the very,the last等修饰时。

  例如:This is the only paining in this style that we have.

  ⑤主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时。

  例如:Who is the person that is talking with our headmaster?

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