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【篇一】词汇
1. award sb. for… 某人因……而得奖
= sb. be awarded for…The school awarded Mary a prize for her good work. 学校因玛丽出色的工作而给她颁奖。
2. admire sb. for sth. 因为某事儿钦佩(或羡慕)某人Everybody admires him for his fine sense of humor. 人人都钦佩他那绝妙的幽默感。
3. be meant to do sth. 被认为应做某事
(尤指根据职责或命令、吩咐等做某事)We are meant to write our names at the top of the paper. 我们应该把名字写在试题的上方。
4. take place 发生
(无被动形式，常指经过安排的事情)The interview is well planned and it is to take place on time. 采访计划周密，会按时进行的。
5. in memory of… 为了纪念……
We sang the song in memory of the dead. 我们唱歌以纪念故去的人们。
6. dress up 穿上盛装;乔装打扮
She likes to dress up for a party. 她喜欢打扮得漂漂亮亮的去参加晚会。
be
get
dressed in… 穿着……的衣服
7. The bride was dressed in white. 新娘穿一身白色的礼服。
8.
look forward to +
sth.
doing sth.
“盼望……”
We look forward to the return of spring. 我们期待着春天的到来。
I’m looking forward to hearing from you soon. 我在盼望你的尽快来信。
9. have fun with sb. 与某人一起嬉戏，找乐子
Having nothing to do, they had fun with the cat. 他们无事可干，耍猫取乐。
10. have fun 玩得开心
The kids are having fun. 孩子们正玩得开心呢。
11. in/ for fun 开玩笑地，非认真地
He is learning French for/ in fun. 他学法语只是好玩。
12. make a fool of oneself 出丑，出洋相
He’s always afraid of making a fool of himself. 他总是怕出洋相。
13. make a fool of sb. 愚弄某人Are you trying to make a fool of me? 你想愚弄我吗?
14. ask permission of sb. 请求某人的许可
Ask permission of your father. 请求你父亲的允许吧。
15. without permission 未经许可
We can’t take photos here without permission. 未经许可，我们不能在此照相。
as if/ though +
were/ did…(与现在相反)
would do…(与过去相反)
had done…(与将来相反)
16.
“好像……”
He acts as though he didn’t know anything about it. 他表现得好像他对这件事一点儿也不知道似的。
She talks about it again and again as though she would never end. 她反复谈论那件事，好像永远谈不完的样子。
He behaved as if nothing had happened. 他装作若无其事的样子。
17. apologize to sb. for sth. 因某事向某人道歉
= make an apology to sb. for sth.
You should apologize to your teacher for coming late. 你应该为你的迟到向你的老师道歉。
The captain made an apology to the passengers for the delay caused by the bad weather. 船长因为糟糕的天气而导致的延误向乘客们道歉。
18. It is obvious that… 显然……
It is obvious that he is a brave man. 很明显他是一个很勇敢的人。
forgive +
sb. sth. ①
sb. for (doing) sth. ②
19.
① 原谅某人某事
② 原谅某人(做)某事We willingly forgive him his faults. 我们愿意宽恕他的过错。
Please forgive me for interrupting you. 请原谅我打岔。
20. keep one’s word 守信用，履行承诺
You can’t take her promise seriously: she never keeps her word. 她答应的事不必当真，她从来说话不算数。
21. turn up
1)出现，露面
2)提高
We invited her to dinner but she didn’t even bother to turn up. 我们请她吃饭她都不露面。I can’t hear the radio very well; could you turn it up a bit? 收音机我听不太清楚，你把声音开大点行吗?
22. break one’s word 失信，食言
Never trust a man who breaks his word easily. 不要相信一个常常食言的人。
23. hold one’s breath (因激动、害怕等)屏住呼吸How long can you hold your breath under the water? 在水下，你能屏息多长时间?
24. out of breath 上气不接下气
Having just taken a long walk, he is out of breath. 刚刚进行了长距离的散步，他气喘吁吁的。
25. take a deep breath 深呼吸
= breathe deeplyIf you feel nervous, please take a deep breath. 如果你感到紧张，请深呼吸。
26. set off
1)动身，出发 (+ for…)
= set out (for…)
2)引爆;燃放
3)引起
We set off at dawn. 我们黎明时动身了。
My father will set off for Shanghai tomorrow morning. 明天早晨我爸爸将动身前往上海。
Boys like setting off fireworks. 男孩喜欢燃放烟花。
That joke set off laughter. 那个笑话引起哄堂大笑。
27. remind +
sb. of sth. 使某人想起某事
sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事
sb. that…提醒某人……
Please remind him of the appointment with me. 请提醒他别忘了和我约会。
Please remind me to call him back. 请提醒我给他回个电话。
Remind her that it is dangerous to go out alone at night in this city. 提醒她在这个城市里夜间一个人外出是很危险的。
【篇二】语法
一、情态动词的特点:
1.没有人称和数的变化。
2. 有些情态动词有过去式的变化:
e.g. will → would , can → could , may→ might , dare → dared
二、情态动词的否定式:
情态动词+ not +动词原形can not: can't , must not: mustn't , need not : needn't
三、情态动词的用法及相互区别, 是诊断的内容之一
1. can , be able to be able to 表示经过努力后, 能够做到; be able to 有多种形式的变化。
can
1). 表示体力或脑力方面的能力;
2). 表示允许、可能性。
could 是can的过去式, 表示过去有能力及过去存在的可能性 ; 用于疑问句表示委婉地提出问题。
2.may 表示询问或说明一件事可不可做; 表示某事有可能发生。might是may的过去式; 用在疑问中比may委婉、客气。
1) -May I take this book out of the reading-room?
-No, you mustn't. ( Yes, you may.)
2) -Might I make a suggestion? -Yes, you may.
3. must
1). 表示必须要做的事: 必须
2) 表示很有把握的推断: 一定, 准是。have (has)to : have (has)got to 必须, 不得不。过去式: had to
3) -Must I get to the station before three o'clock?
-Yes, you must. ( No, you needn't. )
4) I'm afraid you will have to wait a while.
5) She must be in the classroom now.
6) Mary ____ be in Paris, I saw her in town only a few minutes ago. (NMET 94)
A. mustn't B. shouldn't C. can't D. may not
4. shall
1) 在疑问句中, 用于先进、三人称表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请求。
2) 用于二、三人称,表示说话人给对方的 命令、警告、允诺等概念。
1) - Shall I place an order with you now? -No, you needn’t.
-Shall he turn down the radio a bit? -
Yes, please.(No, please don't.)
2) You shall have the English book as soon as I finish it.
3) Everything that he owns shall be taken away from him.
4) Your brother seldom comes to see you, ____?
A. does he B. doesn't he C. will he D. isn't he
5) It's a fine day. Let's go fishing, ____?
A. won't we B. will we
C. don't we D. shall we
5. should 应该 ; 应当
1) You should listen to the doctor's advice.
2) You should study the article carefully.
6. will, would
1) 在疑问句中用于第二人称,表示说话人向对方提出请求或询问。用would语气更加婉转。
2) will 表示现在的习惯性动作或状态; would 表示过去的习惯性动作或状态。
3) will 用于各种人称, 表示 意志、意愿、决心、允诺; would 表示过去时间的 意志、意愿、......。
(1) Don't smoke in the meeting room, ___ you?
A. do youB. will you C. can you D. could you
-Will you come with me? -Yes, I will.(I am sorry , I can't.)
(2) -Would you tell us something about yourself? -Yes, I will.
(3) - It's my birthday tomorrow. Don't forget to come to my party.
- _____ .
A. I don't B. I won't C. I can't D. I haven'
7. ought to 应该; 应当
1) You oughtn't to smoke too much.
2) She ____ for what she has done.
A. ought to praise B. ought be praised
C. ought to have praised D. ought to be praise
8. dare 1. dare to come 2. dare come
1) He dare not tell the truth.
2) He doesn't dare to come out at night.
3) I don't know whether he ____ try.
A. dare B. needs C. wants D. is allowed
9. need
1). 作为情态动词:必须
2). 作为实义动词: 需要
A.主语是人 need( to do something ; to be done by somebody)
B. 主语是事物 need ( doing; to be done)
1) -Do they need to take any books with them?
-No, they don't need to.
2) -Need we buy any new equipment? -No, we needn't.
3) This farm tool needs repairing.
This farm tool needs to be repaired.
4) -Shall I tell John about it ?
- No, you ___ . I've told him already.
A. needn't B. wouldn't
C. mustn't D. shouldn't
5) It's a fine day. You ____ take a raincoat with you.
A. can't B. mustn't
C. needn't D. may not
情态动词 + 不定式的完成式是高考的诊断要点
1、must have done,“一定做过/一定已经...”，表示对过去情况极大把握地推测，仅用于肯定句
2、may/might have done 也许做过某事(推测);本来可以做某事却没做
3、can't have done 为否定句或疑问句,对过去的推测“不可能，一定没做过某事”
could have done本来可以做某事却没做
4. needn’t have done 表示”不必要做某事，但做了”，而needn’t do 则表示”不必做(也没做)”
5.、ought to /should have done 表示”本来应当做的却没做”
oughtn’t / shouldn’t have done 本来不应该做某事却做了
6、would/could/might/should + have done 用来表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气
7、would rather have done 表示”当时宁愿做了某事”，否定形式：would rather not have done e.g. If I had been free that day, I would have gone with you.
8、would like/love to have done 表示” 本想做某事” 而实际上未做。
主语从句
名词性从句 宾语从句
表语从句
同位语从句
①That the college wiU take in more new students this year is true.今年这所大学将招收更多新生是真的。
②Whether he can finish his task on time is of great importance.他是否能按时完成任务非常重要。
特别提示
(1)if不能引导主语从句。
(2)形式主语it替代主语从句。常见的it替代主语从句的句式主要有以下几种：
A.It+系动词+形容词+that从句。如：
It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure.
注: 在句型 “It is important (necessary, strange, natural) that .... ” 中，that 后面的从句中的谓语动词用： should + 动词原形
It’s necessary that we should have a walk now.
B.It+系动词+名词+that从句。如：
It is our hope that the two sides will work towards peace.我们的希望是双方能朝着和平的方向发展。
注: 在It is demanded/suggested/ordered/required….that-clause句型中从句用(should )+动词原型
It is demanded that we should work out a plan.
C.It+be+v.ed形式+that从句。如：
It is announced that the plan has been successfully carried out.据宣布计划已经顺利实施。
注: 在 It is a pity/a shame/ no wonder that…..句型中从句也常用(should )+动词原型
It’s a pity that you (should) miss a good chance
2.连接代词引导
①What we can’t get seems better than what we already have.我们得不到的东西似乎比我们拥有的东西好。
②who the letter was from is still unknown.这封信是谁寄出的还不清楚。
③Whichever of you gets here first will get the prize.你们当中先进个到达这里的人将获得奖项。
3.连接副词引导
①How acupuncture reduces and relieves pain is unclear.针灸是如何减轻和解除疼痛的还不清楚。
②why dinosaurs suddenly disappeared still remains a mystery.恐龙为什么突然消失了还是个谜。
①I think(that)you should turn to the teacher for help.我认为你应该向老师寻求帮助。
②I don’t know if/whether he still lives here after so many years.我不知道这么多年后他是否还住在这儿。
特别提示
whether/if都意为“是否”。一般情况下，它们可以互换，口语中常用if，但以下情况中，只能用whether。
(1)与or not紧接连用时。如：
Let me knoW whether or not you can come.请让我知道你是否能来。
(2)作介词的宾语从句时。如：
We are interested in whether you will attend the meeting.我们对你是否参加会议感兴趣。
2.连接代词和连接副词引导
连接代词有what，who，whose，whatever，whichever，whoever等，连接副词有when，where，why，how等。如：
①She asked me whose handwriting was the best in the class.她问我班上谁的书法较好。
②I’11 just say whatever comes into my mind.我想到什么就说什么。
③Do you know when the ancient Olympic Games began?你知道古代的奥运会是什么时间开始的吗?
④I’ve been thinking about how we can make the newspaper more interesting.我一直在考虑如何使我们的报纸更用趣。
3.宾语从句的语序
在宾语从句中要用陈述句语序。如：
①He asked me when we could set out the next day.他问我第二天什么时候可以出发。
②Did you find out where she lost her car?你查出她在哪里丢的车了吗?
4.宾语从句的时态
(1)当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时时，其宾语从句的时态可以是任何适当的时态。如：
①She says(that)she works from Monday to Friday.她说她周一至周五上班。(从句是一般现在时)
②she says(that)she will leave a message on his desk.她说她要在他桌子上留个便条。(从句是一般将来时)
③She says(that)she has never been to Mount Emei.她说她从来没有去过峨眉山。(从句是现在完成时)
(2)当主句的谓语动词是一般过去式时，其宾语从句的时态一般要用适当的过去时态。如：
①He said there were no classes yesterday afternoon.他说昨天下午没有课。(从句是一般过去时)
②He said that he was going to take care of the baby.他说他会去照看这个婴儿。(从句是过去将来时)
③He said that they were having a meeting at that time.他说他们那时正在开会。(从句是过去进行时)
(3)当宾语从句是表达客观真理和规律的句子时，其时态仍旧用一般现在时。如：
①The teacher told us that nothing is difficult if we put our hearts into it.老师告诉我们世上无难事，只怕有心人。
②He said that light travels much faster than sound.他说光比声音传播得快。 特别提示
在使用宾语从句时需要注意下面几点：
(1)动词find，feel，think，consider，make，believe，guess，suppose，assume
等后有宾语补足语时，则需要用it作形式宾语，而将that宾语从句后置。如：
①I think it necessary that we take plenty of boiled water every day.我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的。
②I have made it a rule that I keep diaries.我每天写日记成了惯例。
(2)hate，like，take，owe，have，take for granted等表示“喜欢;痛恨;认为”的动词或动词短语和see to表示“注意，留意”后有宾语补足语时，需要用it作形式宾语而将宾语从句后置。如：
①I hate it when they talk with their mouth full of food.我讨厌他们满嘴食物说话。
②When you start the engine，you must see to it that the car is in neutral.启动发动机时，一定要使汽车的离合器处于空档位置。
(3)介词后的宾语从句。如：
①She is always thinking of how she can do more for others.她总想着如何才能为别人做得更多。
②We are talking about whether we admit students into our club.我们正在讨论是否让孩子加入我们的俱乐部。
(4)宾语从句的否定转移。将think，believe，suppose，expect，fancy，imagine等动词后面宾语从句的否定词转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。如：
①I don’t think I know you.我想我并不认识你。
②I don’t believe he will come.我相信他不回来。
(5) 在于表示命令、建议、要求等一类词后面的宾语从句谓语用 should +动词原形(insist, order, command, suggest, advise, propose, require, request, demand, desire )
We suggested that the meeting (should) be put off.
①The reason for his absence is that he hasn’t been informed.他缺席的原因就是他没接到通知。
②The question remains whether they will be able to help us.问题还是他们能否帮我们。
2.连接代词和连接副词引导
①The problem is who will take charge of this shop.问题是谁将接管这家店铺。
②That is when I realized the importance of journalism.那时我才意识到新闻工作的重要性。
特别提示
(1)as/as if/as though引导的表语从句常跟在特定动词后面，
如seem，appear，look，taste，sound，feel等。常用虚拟形式，即表示与现
在事实相反，用过去式;与过去事实相反用过去完成式 (had done).如：
①It sounds as if someone was knocking at the door.听上去好像有人在敲门。
②He speaks/ spoke as if he had known about it
(2)当主句的主语是reason时，表语从句一般由that引导，这种用法常见于句型The reason why…is that…。如：The reason why he came late was that he got up late.他来得晚是因为起床晚了。
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