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限定性定语从句知识点
1. that即可代表事物也可代表人，which代表事物;它们在从句中作主语或宾语，that在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词，which在从句中作宾语则不能省略。而且，如果which在从句中作“不及物动词 介词”的介词的宾语，注意介词不要丢掉，而且介词总是放在关系代词which的前边，但有的则放在它原来的位置
2. which作宾语时，根据先行词与定语从句之间的语义关系，先行词与which之间的介词不能丢
3. 代表物时多用which，但在带有下列词的句子中用that而不用which，这些词包括all, anything, much等，这时的that常被省略
4. who和whom引导的从句用来修饰人，分别作从句中的主语和宾语，whom作宾语时，要注意它可以作动词的宾语也可以作介词的宾语
5. where是关系副词，用来表示地点的定语从句
6. when引导定语从句表示时间
〔注〕值得一提的是，表示时间“time"一词的定语从句只用when引导，有时不用任何关系代词，当然也不用that引导
By the time you arrive in London, we will have stayed there for two weeks.
I still remember the first time I met her.
Each time he goes to besiness trip, he brings a lot of living necessities, such as towers, soap, toothbrush etc.
7. whose是关系代词，修饰名词作定语，相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格
8. 当从句的逻辑主语是some, any, no, somebody, anybody, nobody, something, anything, everything或nothing时，常用there is来引导.
非限定性定语从句知识点
1. which引导的非限定性定语从句来说明前面整个句子的情况或主句的某一部分
2. 在引导限定性定语从句时，that有时相当于in which, at which, for which或at which
Attitudes towards daydreaming are changing in much the same way that(in which) attitudes towards night dreaming have changed. 人们对白日做梦的态度正在改变，这与人们对夜间做梦的看法的变化有非常相似之处。
I like the music for the very reason that(for which) he dislike it. 我出于某种原因喜欢这种音乐，而他恰恰与我相反。
We arrived the day that(on which) they left. 刚好我们到的那天他们走了。
3. 有时as也可用作关系代词
4. 在非限定性定语从句中，不能用that，而用who, whom代表人，用which代表事物。
一般将来时被动语态知识点
一般将来时的被动语态：
表示将来要发生的动作和存在的状况且主语是动作的承受着。由shall/will be+done构成。
一般将来时态的被动语态的基本结构的构成：
1、一般将来时态的被动语态的肯定式为：shall/will+be+done。(shall用于先进人称; will用于各种人称)
如：We shall be punished if we break the rule. 如果我们违反规定，我们将要受到惩罚。
The new film will be shown next Thursday. 这部新电影将在下周四上映。
2、一般将来时态的被动语态的否定式为：shall/will+not+be+done.(可缩写成shan't 或won't)
如：The meeting won't be held tomorrow. 明天不再举行会议。
The exhibition won't be put off till next week. 展览会将不会推迟到下周。
3、一般将来时态的被动语态的一般疑问句需将shall/will提到主语的前面。(回答用yes或no)
如：Won't water be turned into ice, if it is below freezing? 如果气温在冰点之下，水难道不会变成冰吗?
—Will the work be finished at once? 这项工作会立刻被完成吗?
—Yes, it will. ?是的，立刻就完成。
4、一般将来时态的被动语态的特殊疑问句为：疑问词+shall/will+S+be+done。
如：When will these books be published? 这些书将在什么时候被出版?
Whom will this book be written by? 谁来写这本书?
一般将来时态的被动语态的其他结构构成：
1、be going to be done：
如：Some old buildings are going to be put down. 一些旧的楼房将被推倒。
The problem isn't going to be discussed at the meeting tomorrow. 这个问题将不在明天的会议上被讨论。
—Arethesetreesgoingtobecutdown?这些树将被砍倒吗?
—Yes，they are. 是的，将被砍倒
2、be to be done：
如：The sports meet is to be held on April10. 运动会将于四月十日举行。
The machines are not to be repaired tonight. 今晚将不会修理这些机器。
—Are new textbooks to be published next week?新教科书将在下周出版吗?
—No, they aren't. 不，不是。
一般将来时态的被动语态的用法：
1、一般将来时态的被动语态的同它的主动语态一样，强调表示根据计划或安排将要发生的被动性动作。
如：The new film will be shown next Thursday. 这部新电影将在下周四上映。
A lot of athletes will be invited to Beijing. 好多运动员将被邀请到北京来。
2、在时间、条件状语从句中，常用一般现在时的被动语态代替一般将来时的被动语态。
如：When the dam is completed, the Changjiang River will be controlled. 当大坝竣工时，长江将得到控制。
If I am given enough time, I will go to Japan for my holiday. 如果我有足够的时间，我将去日本度假。
3、表示有固定性条件就有规律性被动结果。
如：Heated to100℃, water will be turned into steam. 加热到100度时，水将会变成蒸气。
If you speak in class, you will be punished. 如果你在课堂上讲话，你将会被惩罚。
一般将来时的被动语态知识点大全(二)
语态是表示主语和动词之间的主动关系或被动关系的动词形式。英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和
被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者(施动者)，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者
(受动者)。本单元的语法是一般将来时态的被动语态，现就其用法归纳如下：
一、一般将来时态的被动语态的基本结构的构成：
1.一般将来时态的被动语态的肯定式为：shall / will + be + done。(shall 用于先进人称;
will用于各种人称) 如：
We shall be punished if we break the rule.
如果我们违反规定，我们将要受到惩罚。
The new film will be shown next Thursday.
这部新电影将在下周四上映。
2.一般将来时态的被动语态的否定式为：shall / will + not + be + done.(可缩写成shan’t
或won’t)如：
The meeting won’t be held tomorrow.
明天不再举行会议。
The exhibition won’t be put off till next week.
展览会将不会推迟到下周。
3.一般将来时态的被动语态的一般疑问句需将shall / will提到主语的前面。(回答用yes或no)如：
Won’t water be turned into ice, it it is belwo freezing?
如果气温在冰点之下，水难道不会变成冰吗?
---Will the work be finished at once? ---Yes, it will.
---这项工作会立刻被完成吗? ---是的，立刻就完成。
4.一般将来时态的被动语态的特殊疑问句为：疑问词 + shall / will + S + be + done。如：
When will these books be published?
这些书将在什么时候被出版?
Whom will this book be written by?
谁来写这本书?
二、一般将来时态的被动语态的其他结构构成：
1.be going to be done
Some old buildings are going to be put down.
一些旧的楼房将被推倒。
The problem isn’t going to be discussed at the meeting tomorrow.
这个问题将不在明天的会议上被讨论。
---Are these trees going to be cut down?---Yes，they are.
---这些树将被砍倒吗?---是的，将被砍倒
2.be to be done
The sports meet is to be held on April 10.
运动会将于四月十日举行。
The machines are not to be repaired tonight.
今晚将不会修理这些机器。
---Are new textbooks to be published next week?---No, they aren’t.
新教科书将在下周出版吗?不，不是。
三、一般将来时态的被动语态的用法：
1.一般将来时态的被动语态的同它的主动语态一样，强调表示根据计划或安排将要发生的被动性动作。
The new film will be shown next Thursday.
这部新电影将在下周四上映。
A lot of athletes will be invited to Beijing.
好多运动员将被邀请到北京来。
2.在时间、条件状语从句中，常用一般现在时的被动语态代替一般将来时的被动语态。如：
When the dam is completed, the Changjiang River will be controlled.
当大坝竣工时，长江将得到控制。
If I am given enough time, I will go to Japan for my holiday.
如果我有足够的时间，我将去日本度假。
3.表示有固定性条件就有规律性被动结果。如：
Heated to 100·c , water will be turned into steam.
加热到100度时，水将会变成蒸气。
If you speak in class, you will be punished.
如果你在课堂上讲话，你将会被惩罚。
现在完成时的被动语态
现在完成时的被动语态结构是“主语+has/have+been+过去分词”。使用现在完成时的被动语态应注意下面几点：
1. 现在完成时的被动语态同主动语态一样强调过去的动作对现在的影响。
They have just cleaned and repaired the watch.
→ The watch has just been cleaned and repaired (by them).
Tom has written the letter.
→ The letter has been written by Tom.
分析：此表刚擦洗修理，那就必然是用现在完成时，my watch是动作的承受者，在被动语态句中作主语。
2. 被动语态没有完成进行时态，主动语态的现在完成进行时改为被动语态时要用现在完成时，依此类推，主动语态的过去完成进行时改为被动语态时用过去完成时。如：
He has been writing the report for two days.
→ The report has been written by him for two days.
3. 现在完成时的被动语态的用法
1) 表示一个被动的动作发生在说话之前,强调对现在造成的影响和结果。如:
Thedoorhasbeenlocked.门被锁上了。
2) 表示一个被动的动作或状态开始于过去,持续到现在,并可能持续下去, 常与for或since引导的时间状语连用, 或用于Howlong...? 句型中。如:
Theimportantproblemhasbeendiscussedfornearlytwoweeks.
那个重要的问题已经被讨论近两个星期了。
Howlonghasthemachinebeenused?
这机器使用有多久了?可。
3) 注意与一般过去时的被动语态的区别。一般过去时的被动语态所表示的动作或状态与现在的情况没有联系,而现在完成时的被动语态则强调与现在情况的联系。如:
Thebridgewasbuiltlastyear. 这桥是去年建成的。
Thebridgehasbeenbuilt.这桥已经建好了。
Nobookshavebeenboughtsincelastweek.
自上周以来,没有人来买过书。
现在进行时被动语态的用法
1、表现正在进行或发生的被动动作，常与now, look等词连用。
e.g.She is being examined by the doctor now.
2、表示现阶段或目前这段时间正在进行的被动动作，但这一被动动作在此时此刻不一定正在发生。
e.g.A new factory is being built.They are being taught English at present .
少数及物动词的进行时表示按计划、安排将要承受某个动作。
Some rock music is being played by them next下面将由他们演奏一些摇滚音乐。
An party is being held tonight. 今晚将要举办一场晚会。
4. 有些动词进行时的主动形式就可以表示被动的意思,常见的这些动词有:
print, cook, fry, bake, burn, hang.
e.g. The house is burning.The meat is cooking.
5. 在be + under / in/on +n. 的结构可以表示现在进行时的被动语态的含义。
The problem is under discussion now.= The problem is being discussed now.
The telephone is in use.= The telephone is being used.
Many new cars are on show. = Many new cars are being showed.
Your questions are under discussion.= Your questions are being discussed.
6. 有些表 “ 状态, 心理活动, 情感”等的动词,常用一般现在时的被动语态表示 “正在进行”。
e.g. You are wanted on the phone.
MP3 is becoming more and more popular. In other words, it is loved by more and more people.
表示一种经常性或习惯性的被动行为，常与always, forever, continually, constantly等词连用，往往带有赞扬、责备、厌烦及埋怨等感情色彩。e.g. Tom is always being praised by the teacher.
7、与情态动词连用，表示对现在正在发生的被动行为的推测。
e.g. (1) John is not here .He must be being interviewed
(2) ---Do you know what smith is doing ?
---He is ill. He may be being examined by the doctor.
注意：助动词am/ is/ are和being缺一不可并且不可以颠倒顺序。
介词+关系代词引导的定语从句
【知识点1】
直接位于介词之后的关系代词只能是which或whom，构成介词+which(指物);介词+whom(指人)两种结构。
【例】The man to whom you talst now is a famous runner.
【例】The service about which the students complain a lot should be improved.
【例】He is a library assistant from whom I borrowed some books.
【例】It is a famous school from which he graduated 3 years ago.
【例】The chair on which he is sitting now is made of wood.
【知识点2】
直接位于介词后面的关系代词不能省略，但如果将介词移于句子末尾而不位于关系代词之前时，可省。
【例】The man (who/that/whom) you talst now is a famous runner.
【例】The service (which/that) the students complain about a lot should be improved.
【例】He is a library assistant (whom/that/who) I borrowed some books from.
【例】It is a famous school (which/that) he graduated from 3 years ago.
【例】The chair (which/that) he is sitting on now is made of wood.
【知识点3】
关系副词when, where, why 可以相应地转化为：介词+which结构。
【例】This is the house where I lived two years ago.
=This is the house in which I lived two years ago.
【例】Do you remember the day when you joined our club?
=Do you remember the day on which you joined our club?
【例】I don’t know the reason why he said so.
=I don’t know the reason for which he said so.
【知识点4】
有一些动词短语中的介词是固定搭配，不可以拆开，一般还是放在动语之后，不优先：
【例】He is the student (who/whom/that) the teachers are looking for.
【例】The number of the children (who/whom/that) she takes care of is 30.
【知识点5】
注意复杂介词短语+which或whom引导的定语从句，是高考考查热点。
【例】They finally climbed up the mountain, on top of which many strange birds were seen.
【例】Look at the photo. This is Mr. Green, in front of whom sit three students.
【知识点6】
不定代词+of+ which/ whom 引导的定语从句可化为of+ which/ whom+ 不定代词 结构;这也是高考常考点。其中用到的不定代词
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