2019年高考英语语法之虚拟语气

　　2019年高考英语语法之虚拟语气！高考之前，你复习了哪些知识点呢？虚拟语气也是很重要的语法知识，多多记忆几个例句就能找到精髓，爱智康助力高考，高考前我们来复习较后一遍，下面是2019年高考英语语法之虚拟语气!同学们冲刺高考，加油！

 

 

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　　2019年高考英语语法之虚拟语气(一)

　　一、虚拟语气谓语动词的几种表现形式

　　1. 用在虚拟条件句中

　　例1：I would certainly go if I had the time.

　　例2：How nice it would be if you could stay a bit longer.

　　例3：She would have come if we had invited her.

　　注：如果条件从句中包含有were, had, should或could，有时可把if省略掉，但这时要把were, had, should或could放在主语前面(这种结构在口语中较少使用)。例如：

　　1)Had we made (= If we had made ) adequate preparations, we might have succeeded.

　　2)Were there no gravity, there would be no air around us.

　　3)Should it rain tomorrow, the meeting would be put off.

　　2. 用在含蓄条件句中

　　句子中，假设的情况不用条件从句表示出来，而是用一个介词短语来表示，句子的谓语形式也可遵循上表的规则。

　　这种用法也常见于or, or else, otherwise和but后面的分句中。例如：

　　1)Without music, the world would be a dull place.

　　2)But for your help, we would have failed.

　　3)She would have gone with us, but she didn’t have time.

　　4)He must have had an accident, or he would have been here then.

　　3.用在错综时间条件句中

　　有时候，条件从句表示的动作和主句表示的动作发生的时间并不一致，这时，谓语动词的形式要根据表示的时间来调整，这种句子可称作错综时间条件句。例如：

　　1)If you hadn’t watched television so late, you wouldn’t be so sleepy now.(此句为时间交错的虚拟条件句，从句表示与过去事实相反的假设，主句则假设与现在情况相反)

　　2)If you were in better health, we would have allowed you to join them in the work.(从句表示与现在事实相反的假设，主句则表示一种与过去事实相反的设想)

　　4.用在wish后的宾语从句中

　　这种句子主要表示愿望，that常省略。若指现在或将来的愿望，从句用过去时;若指过去没有实现的愿望，从句用过去完成时。例如：

　　1)I wish I had learned to play chess.(与过去事实相反)

　　2)I wish I remembered his address.(与现在事实相反)

　　3)I wish he would try again.(对将来情况的假设)

　　若wish 后的宾语从句中用would，可以表示请求，通常意味着说话人的不快或不满。例如：

　　1)I wish you would help us.

　　2)I wish you would stop asking such silly questions.

　　5.用在if only感叹句中

　　当表示“但愿”，“要是…就好”时，它的用法和wish基本相同，只是更富有感情色彩，表示一时很难实现的愿望。例如：

　　1)If only I knew what you wanted.

　　2)If only you hadn’t told him what I said, everything would have been all right.

　　6.用在以as if (as though) 引出的方式状语从句中

　　当表示过去想象中的动作或情况时，用过去完成时;当表示和现在事实相反或对现在情况有所怀疑时，用一般过去时。例如：

　　1)The old couple loved the orphan girl as if she had been their daughter.

　　2)It seems as if it were spring.

　　7.用在某些虚拟的定语从句中

　　例1：He was the very person I should have been wished to see.

　　例2：It’s (high) time that we went to class.

　　8.用以表示说话人的主观愿望或选择，仅用在一些惯用句型的从句中

　　例1：I’d rather they came tomorrow.

　　例2：He’d rather I went to Fuzhou by sea.

　　例3：I’d just as soon you didn’t watch television this evening.

　　但had rather, would rather, would just as soon, would sooner等惯用语如用在简单句中，其后都用不加to的动词不定式。例如：

　　1)I’d rather die than give up my principle.

　　2)I’d just as soon (would sooner) resign than take part in such dishonest deals.

　　2019年高考英语语法之虚拟语气(二)

　　二、用固定的情态动词表示的虚拟语气

　　1. should +动词原形(有时省略should)

　　(1)用在动词如advise, command, demand, desire, insist, order, propose, recommend, request, require, suggest, urge等后的宾语从句中。例如：

　　1)They requested that we (should) send a delegation to their country.

　　2)She urged that he write and accept the post.

　　(2)用在it is suggested, it is desired, it is required, it was ordered, it was proposed, it has been decided, it is necessary (essential, imperative, important, desirable) that等引出的主语从句中。例如：

　　1)It is desired that we (should) get everything ready by tonight.

　　2)It is necessary that the teacher (should) have a thorough knowledge of the subject he teaches.

　　(3)用在suggestion, motion, proposal, order, recommendation, plan, idea, requirement等引起的表语从句和同位语从句

　　例如：He put his coat over the child lest he should catch cold.

　　2.用在表示比拟的方式状语从句中

　　例如：They talked as if they had been friends for years.

　　3.用在表示虚拟情况的定语从句中

　　例如：It is high time you handed in your test paper.

　　4.用在某些表示主观愿望的名词从句中

　　例1：I wish I were as strong as you.

　　例2：He insisted that we (should) take up the matter at the meeting.

　　5.用在婉转的请求、建议、批评等句子中

　　例1：Could you spare me a few minutes?

　　例2：You might have told me earlier.

　　例3：Hadn’t you better go and see you dentist about that tooth?

　　6.用在表示祝愿的简单句中

　　例1：Long live world peace.

　　例2：May you succeed.

　　2019年高考英语语法之虚拟语气(三)

　　1.The only thing that I__could__do was that I wished her a long life.

　　解析：句意：我先进能做的事情是希望她能长寿。所填词表示能力，此处要表达我先进“能”做的，而且根据wished判断句子应该用一般过去时，所以填could。

　　2.Since you have such good preparations, there__should__not be any problem about passing the coming job interview.

　　解析：句意：既然你准备得很充分，通过即将到来的工作删掉应该没问题。根据since提供的原因“准备充分”可以判断出，此处表示“按理说应该发生”的，故本空填情态动词should。

　　3.It has been accepted that all the students__shall__put on masks before going to school in case they are infected with flu virus.

　　解析：句意：为防止孩子感染流感病毒，孩子们在进校前要戴上口罩，这一点大家都已接受。在第三人称作主语的陈述句中，表示规定、规则，用shall。

　　4.Now I__would__like to ask you to look at some photographs if you don't mind.

　　解析：句意：如果你愿意的话，现在我想让你看一些照片。I would like to do...是固定句式，意为“我想做……”。

　　5.Anyone__can__be in a rough life time，whether he is“Bai Fumei”or“Gao Fushuai”.

　　解析：句意：任何人都会有困难的时候，无论他是“白富美”还是“高富帅”。此处是情态动词用于陈述句中，表示“一时的情况”，故用情态动词can。

　　6.(2014·福建，32)__Were__(be) there no modern telecommunications，we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world.

　　解析：句意：如果没有现代通信手段，我们需要等待数周才能获得来自世界各地的新闻。由句意和主句中的“would+动词原形”可知，逗号前是一个表示与现在事实相反的从句，应为if there were...。此处条件句中的if省略，把were提到主语前，故填Were。

　　7.(2014·陕西)We would rather our daughter__stayed__(stay) at home with us, but it is her choice, and she is not a child any longer.

　　解析：句意：我们宁愿让女儿和我们一起待在家里，可那是她的选择，而且她也不再是个孩子了。would rather后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气，用一般过去时表示与现在或将来相反的事实。

　　8.(2014·重庆，13)It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as if I__had_done__(do) it?

　　解析：句意：是约翰打破了窗户。你为什么以好像是我打破了的语气对我说话?as if引导的状语从句中，谓语动词与wish引导的宾语从句的虚拟语气形式相同。结合语境可知，此处表示对过去的虚拟，填had done。

　　9.(2016·石家庄二模)—What a slow bus this is!

　　—Yes, we__may/might__just as well walk.

　　解析：may/might as well不妨……。

　　10.(2014·四川，6)I still remember my happy childhood when my mother__would__(will) take me to Disneyland at weekends.

　　解析：句意：我仍然记得我的幸福童年，那时我母亲总会在周末带我去迪士尼乐园。would表示过去的一种习惯。

　　Drunk driving, a major concern currently, is not a funny thing, __1. which__ has killed many people and ruined the lives of many others. At present, traffic accidents become“the world's first harm”.

　　Two months ago, after __2. drinking__(drink) a lot of alcohol, my friend's uncle drove his car home. He was __3. heavily__(heavy) drunk, but he still drove home by himself. On the road near his home, an old lady was going across the road, __4. but__ his uncle didn't notice her and he was still moving on under the influence of alcohol. And __5. the__ old lady didn't see his uncle, either. In the end, the lady died.

　　__6. Had__ it not been for his uncle's drunkenness, the terrible accident would not have happened. If the lady __7. hadn't_died__(die), she would live a happy life with her daughters and sons. And his uncle's home was also destroyed by his uncle. Therefore, two __8. families__(family) were destroyed.

　　I wish more people __9. could__(can) realize the seriousness of drunk driving and obey the traffic regulations faithfully. Always remember: refuse __10. to_drink__(drink) and drive, and give a safe world to you and me!

　　解析：

　　1.thing后是非限制性定语从句，引导词在从句中作主语，故填which。

　　2.after在此是介词，后跟动名词。

　　3.修饰was drunk用副词。

　　4.由didn't notice判断，该空所用词表示转折，故填but。

　　5.特指上文提到的lady，故填定冠词。

　　6.根据主句中的would not have happened判断，逗号前面是一个虚拟语气的条件句，句子的谓语应用had done形式;但是因为省略了if，所以要把had优先到句首，由此可判断出该空填Had。

　　7.if引导的是一个与过去事实相反的虚拟语气句子，故应用过去完成时，填hadn't died。

　　8.集体名词family在此是被看作整体，此处指“两个家庭”，应用其复数形式families。

　　9.wish后的从句用虚拟语气，此处表示与现在事实相反的情况，所以填could。

　　10.refuse后用动词不定式作宾语，refuse to do sth.“拒绝做某事”。

 

 

 

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