2019年北京高三一模英语状语从句练习

　　2019年北京高三一模英语状语从句训练！状语从句 （Adverbial Clause） 状语从句指句子用作状语时，起副词作用的句子。它可以修饰 谓语、 非谓语动词、定语、状语或整个句子。下面是2019年北京高三一模英语状语从句训练!同学们，加油啊！

 

 

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　　2019年北京高三一模英语状语从句训练(一)

　　以if从句为代表的状语从句中的特殊省略用法:通常省略了it is,that is,there is/are。

　　定语从句中的省略用法

　　关系词的省略 关系代词that,which,whom等在限制性定语从句中充当宾语且不位于介词之后时,可以省略;in which或that在先行词way后作方式状语从句时可省略。

　　虚拟语气中if及should的省略

　　1、 当条件状语从句中有were,had,should等时省略if,把它们提至句首,形成倒装句。

　　2、 Suggest,insist,order,require等表示建议、要求、命令的动词后接的名词性从句中,谓语动词常用“should+动词原形”,should可以省略。

　　不定式符号to的省略

　　1、 感官动词see,hear,feel,watch等和使役动词have,make,let等后接不定式作宾语时,不定式省略to。

　　2、 在特定语境中为了避免重复,当不定式再次出现时,在want,wish,hope,try,plan,like,love,hate后往往只保留to,而省略后面的动词。但不定式后有be,have时,也保留be和have

　　2019年北京高三一模英语状语从句训练(二)

　　状语从句指句子用作状语时，起副词作用的句子。它可以修饰谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语或整个句子。根据其作用可分为时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、方式和比较等从句。状语从句一般由连词(从属连词)引导，也可以由词组引起。从句位于句首或句中时通常用逗号与主句隔开，位于句尾时可以不用逗号隔开。

　　状语从句的种类　　用来修饰谓语动词、其它动词、定语、状语或整个句子的从句叫做状语从句。状语从句可分为：

　　1.时间状语从句;(adverbial clause of time)

　　2.地点状语从句;(adverbial clause of place)

　　3.原因状语从句;(adverbial clause of cause)

　　4.条件状语从句;(adverbial clause of condition)

　　5.目的状语从句;(adverbial clause of purpose)

　　6.让步状语从句;(adverbial clause of concession)

　　7.比较状语从句;(adverbial clause of comparison)

　　8.方式状语从句;(adverbial clause of manner)

　　9.结果状语从句。(adverbial clause of result)

　　[编辑本段]状语从句的时态特点

　　一般情况下，时间和条件状语从句的谓语动词一般用“一般现在时”表示“一般将来时”，用“现在完成时”表示“将来完成时”。例如：

　　I will call you as soon as I arrive in Beijing. 我一到北京就给你打电话。(这是由as soon as引导的时间状语从句，从句中的谓语动词arrive是一般现在时，表示一般将来时，决不可用will arrive)

　　As soon as I have finished this work, I will go home. 我一完成此工作，就回家。(从句中的谓语动词用现在完成时have finished，表示将来完成时,决不可用will have finished)

　　If he comes back, please let me know.如果他回来了，请通知我。(从句中的谓语动词用comes back,表示一般将来时，决不可用will come back)

　　状语从句讲解和训练

　　状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。通常由副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词和从句等担当。例如：

　　1. Naturally , our grandparents were pleased to get our phone call . (副词)

　　2. We worked hard , from sunrise to sunset . (介词状短语)

　　3. To help my disabled aunt , I spend an hour working in her house every day . (不定式)

　　4. Seen from a distance , the farmhouse looked deserted . (过去分词)

　　5. I know how to light a camp fire because I had done it before .(原因状语从句)

　　状语的位置比较灵活，可以位于句首、句末或句中。enough用作状语修饰形容词和副词时必须后置。

　　状语从句主要用来修饰主句或主句的谓语。一般可分为九大类，分别表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、比较和方式。尽管种类较多，但由于状语从句与汉语结构和用法相似，所以理解和掌握它并不难。状语从句的关键是要掌握引导不同状语从句的常用连接词

　　和特殊的连接词即考点。现分别列举如下:

　　1. 时间状语从句

　　常用引导词：when, as, while, as soon as, before, after, since , till, until

　　特殊引导词：the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the day，the instant, immediately , directly, no sooner … than, hardly …when, scarcely … when

　　I didn’t realize how special my mother was until I became an adult.

　　While John was watching TV, his wife was cooking.

　　The children ran away from the orchard(果园) the moment they saw the guard.

　　No sooner had I arrived home than it began to rain.

　　Every time I listen to your advice, I get into trouble.

　　2. 地点状语从句

　　常用引导词：where

　　特殊引导词：wherever, anywhere, everywhere

　　Generally, air will be heavily polluted where there are factories.

　　Wherever you go, you should work hard.

　　3. 原因状语从句

　　常用引导词：because, since, as, for

　　特殊引导词：seeing that, now that, in that, considering that, given that.

　　My friends dislike me because I’m handsome and successful.

　　Now that everybody has come, let’s begin our conference.

　　The higher income tax is harmful in that it may discourage people from trying to earn more.

　　Considering that he is no more than 12 years old, his height of 1.80 m is quite remarkable.

　　4. 目的状语从句

　　常用引导词：so that, in order that

　　特殊引导词：lest, in case, for fear that，in the hope that, for the purpose that, to the end that

　　The boss asked the secretary to hurry up with the letters so that he could sign them.

　　The teacher raised his voice on purpose that the students in the back could hear more clearly.

　　5. 结果状语从句

　　常用引导词：so … that, so… that, such … that,

　　特殊引导词：such that, to the degree that, to the extent that, to such a degree that,

　　He got up so early that he caught the first bus.

　　It’s such a good chance that we must not miss it.

　　To such an degree was he excited that he couldn’t sleep last night.

　　6. 条件状语从句

　　常用引导词：if, unless,

　　特殊引导词：as/so long as, only if, providing/provided that, supposing that, in case that, on condition that

　　We’ll start our project if the president agrees.

　　You will certainly succeed so long as you keep on trying.

　　Provided that there is no opposition, we shall hold the meeting here.

　　7. 让步状语从句

　　常用引导词：though, although, even if, even though

　　特殊引导词： as(用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装)，while ( 一般用在句首 )，no matter …， in spite of the fact that, while, whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, however, whichever

　　Much as I respect him, I can’t agree to his proposal.

　　尽管我很尊敬他， 我却不同意他的建议。

　　The old man always enjoys swimming even though the weather is rough.

　　No matter how hard he tried, she could not change her mind.

　　He won’t listen whatever you may say.

　　8. 比较状语从句

　　常用引导词：as(同级比较), than(不同程度的比较)

　　特殊引导词：the more … the more … ; just as …， so…; A is to B what /as X is to Y; no … more than; not A so much as B

　　She is as bad-tempered as her mother.

　　The house is three times as big as ours.

　　The more you exercise, the healthier you will be.

　　Food is to men what oil is to machine. 食物之于人，犹如油之于机器。

　　9. 方式状语从句

　　常用引导词：as, as if, how

　　特殊引导词：the way

　　When in Rome, do as the Roman do.

　　She behaved as if she were the boss.

　　Sometimes we teach our children the way our parents have taught us.

　　2019年北京高三一模英语状语从句训练(三)

　　引导条件状语从句较常用的连词是if,由if引导的条件状语从句表示在某种条件下某事很可能发生。如:

　　If you ask him, he will help you.如果你请他帮忙,他会帮你的。

　　If you fail in the exam, you will let him down.如果你诊断不及格,你会让他失望的。

　　另外,if从句还表示不可实现的条件或根本不可能存在的条件,也就是一种虚拟的条件或假设,从句多用一般过去时或过去完成时。如:

　　If I were you, I would invite him to the party.如果我是你,我会邀请他参加聚会。

　　I would have arrived much earlier if I had not been caught in the traffic.如果没有堵车,我会到的早一点儿。

　　那么,除了if之外,是否还有其他连词也可以引导条件状语从句呢?回答是肯定的,不仅有,还有很多。这些词由于出现的频率较小,且用法较复杂一些,所以不如if为大家所熟知罢了。下面就这些词的用法以例句的形式进行一下简单总结。

　　1. unless conj.除非,若不,除非在……的时候

　　You will fail to arrive there in time unless you start earlier.如果你不早点动身,你就不能及时赶到那儿。

　　Unless it rains, the game will be played.除非下雨,比赛将照常进行。

　　2. on condition(that)...在……条件下,如果

　　on condition (that)...引导的条件从句是主句事件发生的前提条件或先进条件。

　　I can tell you the truth on condition that you promise to keep a secret.我可以告诉你真相,条件是你答应保守秘密。

　　You can go swimming on condition (that) you don't go too far from the river bank.你只有在不远离河岸的条件下才可以下水游泳。

　　3. supposing conj.如果,假如

　　supposing引导的条件从句表示一种假设条件。

　　Supposing it rains, shall we continue the sports meeting?倘若下雨,我们的运动会还要继续举行吗?

　　Supposing something should go wrong, what would you do then?假如出了什么问题,你准备怎么对付?

　　4. provided conj.假如,除非,以……为条件

　　provided (that) +从句表示一种假设条件。

　　He will sign the contract provided we offer more favorable terms.如果我们提出更优惠的条件,他就会在合同上签字。

　　He won't be against us in the meeting provided that we ask for his advice in advance.如果我们优先征求一下他的意见,他就不会在会上反对我们。

　　从上述例句可以看出if, unless, on condition (that), supposing, provided等词引导的条件状语从句,主从句条件关系分明,结构清晰。但有些句子,虽没有含条件关系的连词,却也隐含着条件关系,这些句子常用一些词,如but for, without等引出一个介词结构来表示条件,条件常常是虚拟的,或与事实相反的假设。如:

　　but for若非,要不是

　　But for the rain, we should have a pleasant journey.要不是下雨,我们的旅行肯定会很愉快。

　　But for your help,we should not have finished in time.要不是你帮忙,我们肯定不能及时完成任务。

　　地点状语从句

　　地点状语从句通常由where, wherever 引导。

　　Where I live there are plenty of trees.

　　我住的地方树很多。

　　Wherever I am I will be thinking of you.

　　不管我在哪里我都会想到你。

　　19.2 方式状语从句

　　方式状语从句通常由as, (just) as…so…, as if, as though引导。

　　1) as, (just) as…so…引导的方式状语从句通常位于主句后，但在(just) as…so…结构中位于句首，这时as从句带有比喻的含义，意思是"正如…"，"就像"，多用于正式文体，例如：

　　Always do to the others as you would be done by.

　　你希望人家怎样待你，你就要怎样待人。

　　As water is to fish, so air is to man.

　　我们离不开空气，犹如鱼儿离不开水。

　　Just as we sweep our rooms, so we should sweep backward ideas from our minds.

　　正如打扫房屋一样，我们也要扫除我们头脑中落后的东西。

　　2) as if, as though

　　两者的意义和用法相同，引出的状语从句谓语多用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反，有时也用陈述语气，表示所说情况是事实或实现的可能性较大。汉译常作"仿佛……似的"，"好像……似的"，例如：

　　They completely ignore these facts as if (as though) they never existed.

　　他们完全忽略了这些事实，就仿佛它不存在似的。(与事实相反，谓语用虚拟语气。)

　　He looks as if (as though) he had been hit by lighting.

　　他那样子就像被雷击了似的。(与事实相反，谓语用虚拟语气。)

　　It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon.

　　看来天气很快就会好起来。(实现的可能性较大，谓语用陈述语气。)

　　说明：as if / as though也可以引导一个分词短语、不定式短语或无动词短语，例如：

　　He stared at me as if seeing me for first time.

　　他目不转睛地看着我，就像先进次看见我似的。

　　He cleared his throat as if to say something.

　　他清了清嗓子，像要说什么似的。

　　The waves dashed on the rocks as if in anger.

　　波涛冲击着岩石，好像很愤怒。

　　19.3 原因状语从句

　　比较：because, since, as和for

　　1) because语势较强，用来说明人所不知的原因，回答why提出的问题。当原因是显而易见的或已为人们所知，就用as或 since。

　　I didn't go, because I was afraid.

　　Since /As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey.

　　2) 由because引导的从句如果放在句末，且前面有逗 号，则可以用for来代替。但如果不是说明直接原因，而是多种情况加以推断，就只能用for。

　　He is absent today, because / for he is ill.

　　He must be ill, for he is absent today.

　　19.4 目的状语从句

　　表示目的状语的从句可以由that, so that, in order that, lest, for fear that, in case等词引导，例如：

　　You must speak louder so that /in order that you can be heard by all.

　　He wrote the name down for fear that(lest) he should forget it.

　　Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold.

　　19.5 结果状语从句

　　结果状语从句常由so… that 或 such…that引导，掌握这两个句型，首先要了解so 和 such与其后的词的搭配规律。

　　比较：so和 such

　　其规律由so与such的不同词性决定。such 是形容词，修饰名词或名词词组，so 是副词，只能修饰形容词或副词。 so 还可与表示数量的形容词many, few, much, little连用，形成固定搭配。

　　so foolish such a fool

　　so nice a flower such a nice flower

　　so many / few flowers such nice flowers

　　so much / little money. such rapid progress

　　so many people such a lot of people

　　( so many 已成固定搭配，a lot of 虽相当于 many，但 a lot of 为名词性的，只能用such搭配。)

　　so…that与such…that之间的转换既为 so与such之间的转换。

　　The boy is so young that he can't go to school.

　　He is such a young boy that he can't go to school

　　19.6 条件状语从句

　　连接词主要有 if, unless, as/so long as, on condition that 等。.

　　if 引导的条件句有真实条件句和非真实条件句两种。非真实条件句已在虚拟语气中阐述。

　　unless = if not.

　　Let's go out for a walk unless you are too tired.

　　If you are not too tied, let's go out for a walk.

　　典型例题

　　You will be late ___ you leave immediately.

　　A. unless B. until C. if D. or

　　答案A。 句意：除非你立即走，否则你就回迟到的。可转化为 If you dong leave immediately, you will be late. B、D句意不对，or表转折，句子如为 You leave immediately or you will be late.

　　19.7 让步状语从句

　　though, although

　　注意： 当有though, although时，后面的从句不能有but，但是 though 和yet可连用

　　Although it's raining, they are still working in the field.

　　虽然在下雨，但他们仍在地里干活。

　　He is very old, but he still works very hard.

　　虽然他很老，但仍然努力地工作。

　　Though the sore be healed, yet a scar may remain.

　　伤口虽愈合，但伤疤留下了。 (谚语)

　　典型例题

　　1) ___she isyoung, she knows quite a lot.

　　A. When B. However C. Although D. Unless

　　答案：C。意为虽然她很年轻，却知道许多。

　　2) as, though 引导的倒装句

　　as / though引导的让步从句必须表语或状语优先(形容词、副词、分词、实义动词优先)。

　　Child as /though he was, he knew what was the right thing to do.

　　= Though he was a small child, he knew what was the right thing to do.

　　注意： a. 句首名词不能带任何冠词。

　　b. 句首是实义动词，其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语，随实义动词一起放在主语之前。

　　Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.

　　= Though he tries hard, he never seems…

　　虽然他尽了努力，但他的工作总做的不尽人意。

　　3) ever if, even though. 即使

　　We'll make a trip even though the weather is bad.

　　4) whether…or- 不管……都

　　Whether you believe it or not, it is true.

　　5) "no matter +疑问词" 或"疑问词+后缀ever"

　　No matter what happened, he would not mind.

　　Whatever happened, he would not mind.

　　替换：no matter what = whatever

　　no matter who = whoever

　　no matter when = whenever

　　no matter where = wherever

　　no matter which = whichever

　　no matter how = however

　　注意：no matter 不能引导主语从句和宾语从句。

　　(错)No matter what you say is of no use now.

　　(对)Whatever you say is of no use now.

　　你现在说什么也没用了。(Whatever you say是主语从句)

　　(错)Prisoners have to eat no matter what they're given,

　　(对)Prisoners have to eat whatever they're given. 囚犯们只能给什么吃什么。

　　19.8 比较while, when, as

　　1)as, when 引导短暂性动作的动词。

　　Just as / Just when / When I stopped my car, a man came up to me.

　　2)当从句的动作发生于主句动作之前，只能用when 引导这个从句，不可用as 或 while。

　　When you have finished your work, you may have a rest.

　　3)从句表示"随时间推移"连词能用as，不用when 或while。

　　As the day went on, the weather got worse.

　　日子一天天过去，天气越变越坏。

　　19.9 比较until和till

　　此两个连词意义相同。肯定形式表示的意思是"做某事直至某时"，动词必须是延续性的。否定形式表达的意思是"直至某时才做某事"。动词为延续性或非延续性都可 以。 正确使用这两个连词的关键之一就在于判断句中的动词该用肯定式还是否定式。

　　肯定句：

　　I slept until midnight. 我一直睡到半夜时醒了。

　　Wait till I call you. 等着我叫你。

　　(在肯定句中可用before代替 Let's get in the wheat before the sun sets.)

　　否定句：

　　She didn't arrive until 6 o'clock.

　　她直到6点才到。

　　Don't get off the bus until it has stopped.

　　公共汽车停稳后再下车。

　　I didn't manage to do it until you had explained how. 直到你教我后，我才会做。

　　1)Until可用于句首，而till通常不用于句首。

　　Until you told me, I had heard nothing of what happened.

　　直到你告诉我以前，出了什么事我一点也不知道。

　　2)Until when 疑问句中，until要放在句首。

　　---Until when are you staying? 你呆到什么时候?

　　--- Until next Monday. 呆到下周一。

　　注意：否定句可用另外两种句式表示。

　　(1)Not until …在句首，主句用倒装。

　　Not until the early years of the 19th century did man know what heat is.

　　直到19 世纪初，人类才知道热能是什么。

　　Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted.

　　直到我开始工作，我才认识到了我已蹉跎了几多岁月。

　　(2) It is not until… that…

　　19.10 表示"一…就…"的结构

　　hardly/scarcely…when/before, no sooner…than 和as soon as都可以表示"一…就…"的意思，例：

　　I had hardly / scarcely got home when it began to rain.

　　I had no sooner got home than it began to rain.

　　As soon as I got home, it began to rain.

　　注意：如果hardly, scarcely 或no sooner置于句首，句子必须用倒装结构：

　　Hardly / Scarcely had I got home when it began to rain.

　　No sooner had I got home than it began to rain.

 

 

 

 

 

 

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