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高考英语重点词语辨析:few,a few与little,a little的用法异同

2016-12-15 00:22:30 来源:佚名
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    1.few和a few之后接可数名词的复数形式。few表示数量很少或几乎没有,强调“少”,含有否定意义;a few表示数量虽然少但毕竟还有,强调“有”,含有肯定意义。比较:

 

  His theory is very difficult,and few people understand it.他的理论很深奥,没有几个人能懂。

  His theory is very difficult,but a few people understand it.他的理论很深奥,但是有些人懂。

  2.little和a little之后接不可数名词,其区别跟few和a few之间的区别相似。如:

  Unfortunately,I had little money on me.很不巧,我身上没带什么钱。

  Fortunately,I had a little money on me.幸好我身上带着一点钱。

  3.一般说来,在only,still,can,quite,not等词之后通常用带有不定冠词的a few或a little,而在very,some,the,no,so,too等词之后通常用不带冠词的few或little。如:

  He was not a little surprised.他大为吃惊。

  There’s only a little left.只剩下一点点。

  I have so little time to enjoy myself.我娱乐时间很少。

  Very few people understand what he said.几乎没什么人懂他的话。

  4.两者的比较等级变化分别为few,fewer,fewest(后接可数名词复数),little,less,least(后接不可数名词)。如:

  Who has the fewest mistakes?谁的错误较少?

  He is the best teacher even though he has the least experience.他尽管经验较少,但教得较好。

  You ought to smoke fewer cigarettes and drink less beer.你应该少抽烟,少喝啤酒。

  注:在现代英语的非正式文体中,有时人们也将less,least用于复数名词前,不过这种用法有不少人反对,初学者不宜仿用。如:

  There are fewer[less]cars on the road at night.晚上路上的汽车要少些。

  5.few和little前除受不定冠词修饰表示肯定意义外,若受其他限定词的修饰也表肯定意义。如:

  She was among the few who have read the book.她是少数读过这本书的人之一。

  Her few possessions were sold after her death.她那点儿财产死后就被卖掉了。

  The little of his work that I have seen seems excellent.我所看到的他那一小部分工作似乎非常出色。

  注:a man[person]of few words(沉默寡言的人)是习词,其中的few前不用冠词或其他限定词。

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