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状语从句中的省略用法
than,as引导的比较状语从句中的省略用法
Ⅰ、以if从句为代表的状语从句中的特殊省略用法
Ⅱ、定语从句中的省略用法
Ⅲ、虚拟语气中if及should的省略
Ⅳ、不定式符号to的省略
Ⅴ、So和not的替代性省略
Ⅵ、日常交际中的省略
省略句用法专项训练
Ⅰ、状语从句中的省略用法
一、如果从句的主语和主句的主语一致,且从句的谓语含有be动词的某种形式(am/is/are/was/were),可同时省略从句的主语和be动词的某种形式。
1、when,while引导的时间状语从句
e.g.Do be careful when(you are)crossing the street.
When/While(I was)on my way to work,I met her.
2、if,unless,once引导的条件状语从句
e.g.If(it is)properly treated,waste will do no harm to the environment.
I’ll not go to the party unless(I am)invited.
Once(you are)caught stealing in a supermarket,you will be punished.
3、though,although,whether,no matter whether/what/how/who等引导的让步状语从句
e.g.He was happy,though/although(he was)poor.
Whether(she is)sick or well,she is always cheerful.
No matter how/However hard the task(is),we must fulfill it in time.(注:从句的主语和主句的主语不一致时,只省略从句中的be动词形式)
4、as if,as though引导的方式状语从句
e.g.He rubbed his eyes and yawned as if/though(he was)waking up after a long sleep.
He stood up as if/though(he wanted)to leave.(as if/though+to do表示一个将来的动作)
二、than,as引导的比较状语从句中的省略用法:
当不同的主语进行比较时,一般省略从句中的谓语;当从句中的主语与谓语(be动词除外)和主句中的主语与谓语相同时,通常省略从句中的主语和谓语,只保留比较部分。
e.g.He is taller than his brother(is).
I have as much as confidence in you as(I have confidence)in him.
三、以if从句为代表的状语从句中的特殊省略用法:通常省略了it is,that is,there is/are。
e.g.If(it is)possible/necessary,this old temple will be rebuilt.
If(that is)so,I will call you back at 5:00 pm.
There are only a few books in our school library,if(there are)any.
Ⅱ、定语从句中的省略用法
关系词的省略关系代词that,which,whom等在限制性定语从句中充当宾语且不位于介词之后时,可以省略;in which或that在先行词way后作方式状语从句时可省略。
e.g.The man(that/who/whom)you visited last night is my grandpa.
I don’t like the way(in which/that)you treat the girl.
Ⅲ、虚拟语气中if及should的省略
1、当条件状语从句中有were,had,should等时省略if,把它们提至句首,形成倒装句。
e.g.If I were a teacher,I would be strict with my students.
=Were I a teacher,I would be strict with my students.
2、Suggest,insist,order,require等表示建议、要求、命令的动词后接的名词性从句中,谓语动词常用“should+动词原形”,should可以省略。
e.g.The doctor suggested that he(should)try to lose weight.
Ⅳ、不定式符号to的省略
1、感官动词see,hear,feel,watch等和使役动词have,make,let等后接不定式作宾语时,不定式省略to。
2、do nothing but,can’t help but等结构常接省略to的不定式。
e.g.We didn’t do anything but stay at home watching TV yesterday.
Hearing the news,she couldn’t help but cry.
3、在特定语境中为了避免重复,当不定式再次出现时,在want,wish,hope,try,plan,like,love,hate后往往只保留to,而省略后面的动词。但不定式后有be,have时,也保留be和have。
e.g.My parents encouraged me to go to college,but I didn’t want to.
Ⅴ、So和not的替代性省略
用于避免重复前面所说过的内容,替代词so/not替代肯定或否定的名词性从句。可与believe,do,expect,fear,guess,hope,say,speak,suppose,think,I’m afraid等连用
e.g.–Do you suppose he is going to attend the meeting?–I suppose not.
Ⅵ、日常交际中的省略
在情景会话中,答语常常省略不会引起歧义的主语、谓语或宾语部分,而只保留对方希望了解的内容。在复合句或并列句中,也有省略主、谓、宾的情况。
e.g.–How many copies do you want?--(I want)Three copies,please.
--Have you ever been to the Great Wall?--No,(I have)never(been to the Great Wall).
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