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高考英语中定语从句常见考点大揭秘

2010-01-22 18:28:09 来源:匿名
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  高考中定语从句的常见考点类型


  ● 关系词的选择 ●


  定语从句的关系词可分为关系代词和关系副词两大类。关系代词起着代词和连词的作用,而关系副词起着副词(或介词短语)和连词的作用。


  ◆ 关系代词that、which、who(m)、whose引导定语从句


  1) 关系代词that只能用于限定性定语从句,并在从句中作主语或宾语(不可作介词的宾语)。例如:Do you still remember the chicken farm ____ we visited three months ago?(2005北京春)


  A. where


  B. when


  C. that


  D. what


  解析:C。先行词是the chicken farm,定语从句缺宾语,所以应用关系代词that、which或省略关系代词,选C。本题所给选项中,where、when都是关系副词,而what不能指代地点。


  2) 关系代词which可引导非限定性定语从句,作从句的主语或宾语,指代整个主句或主句中的部分内容;此时,其引导的定语从句一般位于主句后面,常译为“这(那) 件事……”。例如:


  His movie won several awards at the film festival, ______ was beyond his wildest dream. (2007 上海)


  A. which


  B. that


  C. where


  D. it


  解析:答案选A。关系代词which在从句中作主语,指代整个主句。


  注意:That和which作关系代词,引导定语从句时的主要区别为:which可用于非限定性定语从句中,指代物或整个主句或主句中的一部分,也可以用于介词之后;而that则不能用于上述两种结构中。


  3) 关系代词who和whom引导定语从句,都可用于指人,用法类似。区别主要在于:whom在从句中只能作宾语;而who在从句中可以作主语,也可以代替在从句中担任宾格的whom,但它的前面不能有介词;如果用于介词后指人时,必须用宾格的whom。在非限定性定语从句中,whom不可用that或who替代。例如:


  Women _______ drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those ________ don't. (2006北京)


  A. who; 不填 B. 不填; who C. who; who


  D. 不填; 不填


  解析:C。两处空格后均为定语从句,均缺少关系词。先进个定语从句的先行词是woman,要用关系代词引导从句,同时该从句中缺主语,用who;第二个定语从句的先行词是those,在句中指人,其定语从句也缺少主语,用who。所以选C。


  4) Whose引导定语从句时,其后应紧跟一个名词,构成名词短语,即“whose + 名词”的形式;whose引导的定语从句,其先行词不仅可指人,还可指物;若指物时,还可用of which代替,但词序不同,即“whose + 名词 = the + 名词 + of which”。例如:


  1、Look out! Don't get too close to the house _______ roof is under repair. (2006福建)


  A. whose


  B. which C. of which


  D. what


  解析:A。关系代词whose意为“……的”,表示所属关系,在定语从句中作定语,修饰从句的主语roof;从句中whose roof 指的是the house's roof。由于roof前缺少修饰限定词,故此处不能用of which代替。


  2、Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, _______ was very reasonable. (2000上海)


  A. which price


  B. the price of which  C. its price


  D. the price of whose


  解析:B。先行词为“an ancient Chinese vase”,而定语从句讲述的是这个vase的price如何如何,同时,从句缺少主语,所以要用whose price或the price of which来引导从句。


  ◆关系副词where、when、why引导定语从句


  关系副词where、when、why引导的定语从句,分别在从句中充当地点、时间、原因状语。


  3、If a shop has chairs ________ women can park their men, women will spend more time in the shop. (2005 上海)


  A. that


  B. which


  C. when


  D. where


  解析:D。先行词是chairs,在定语从句中作地点状语,要用where,相当于“in which”。


  4、We are living in an age ____ many things are done on computer. (2003 北京)


  A. which


  B. that


  C. whose


  D. when


  解析:D。先行词是age,when引导定语从句,在从句中作时间状语。


  ◆As引导定语从句


  1) As用于限定性定语从句,并在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或状语,构成the same...as、such...as等结构。例如:


  I like the same book as you do. (as作宾语)


  I've never seen such a clever boy as he is. (as作表语)


  I shall do it in the same way as you did. (as作状语)


  These houses are sold at such a low price _____ people expected. (2000 上海春)


  A. like


  B. as


  C. that


  D. which


  解析:答案选B。As在定语从句中作expected的宾语。


  2) As引导非限定性定语从句,作从句的主语、表语或宾语,用来指代整个主句的内容,常译为“正如……”。但不同于which,as引导的定语从句既可位于主句之前,也可位于主句之后,还可位于主句中间。例如:


  The Beatles, ____ many of you are old enough to remember, came from Liverpool. (2006 天津)


  A. what B. that C. how D. as


  解析:D。As代表整个主句The Beatles came from Liverpool,作定语从句中remember的宾语。


  ___ is reported in the newspapers, talks between the countries are making progress. (2004 北京)


  A. It B. As C. That D. What解析:B。As代表整个主句talks between the countries are making progress,作定语从句中的主语。句意为:正如报纸上所报道的那样,各国的会谈取得了进展。

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