单元测试卷丨学科知识同步丨期中期末卷等
先请看下面两道高功课:
1. (2006年山东)I’d appreciate ______ if you would like to teach me how to use the computer.
A. that B. it C. this D. you
2. (2006年全国卷I)If I can help _______, I don’t like working late into the night.
A. so B. that C. it D. them
这两道题的答案均为it,但是,这两个it并不是一回事。
【析】 在例1中,it是形式宾语,它指代的是条件状语从句if you would like to teach me how to use the computer的内容。英语中,it的这种用法要受到谓语动词的限制,不能随便使用。
这种情况主要有以下三种:
1. 谓语动词appreciate, dislike, hate, like, love等后接由if或when等引导的从句时,往往在从句前加形式宾语it。例如:
①The boy likes it when he’s praised before guests. (那个孩子喜欢在客人面前受表扬的时刻。)
②I hate it when I have to speak in French on the phone. (有时非得用法语去打电话,我真感到讨厌。)
2. 动词take(认为,理解),hide(隐瞒),publish(公布)等后接由that引导的宾语从句时,往往从句前加上形式宾语it。例如:
I take it that you disagree with me. (我的理解是,你和我的看法不同。)
3. 动词短语answer for(担保),count on(期待),depend on, insist on, see to(确保)等后接that引导的宾语从句时,必须冠以形式宾语it。例如:
①I am counting on it that you will come.(我期待着你的到来。)
②Would you see to it that the children get a hot meal after their swim? (你负责助力孩子们在游泳之后吃到一顿热饭,好吗?)
【注】 这种情况与我们所熟悉的it作形式宾语的复合结构并不相同,因为在它之后没有形容词或名词作宾语补足语。我们熟悉这些说法:
③I thought it strange that she hadn’t written. (她没有写信,我感到很奇怪。)
④Our teacher made it a rule that we should get to school 10 minutes ahead of time. (老师规定,我们优先10分钟到校。)
⑤She thinks it wrong that he didn’t answer the phone. (她认为他当时不接电话是不对的。)
【析】 文章开头第2题中的it含义和用法与第1题迥然不同。这里it用作代词,指代的是working late into the night这件事;if one can help it意为“如果可能,如果办得到”。本句的意思为“要是办得到,我也不愿意工作到深夜”。又如:
①I can’t stand it (=this situation) any longer.
我再也不能忍受这种情况了。
②What’s it like going with you?
和你一起去会是什么样呢?