天津高考英语一轮复习知识点总结

天津高考一轮复习各科知识点总结

　　专题一　语法基础

　　考点一　冠词

　　不定冠词和定冠词

　　一、不定冠词的用法

　　1.泛指某个或某类人或物。

　　I was born in a small village in Shandong Province.

　　A child needs not only food and clothes, but love as well.

　　2.当抽象名词表示具体的人或事物时(即抽象名词具体化)，前面用不定冠词。

　　The party held last weekend was a great success.

　　3.表示“一”或“每一”概念。

　　I go back home once a month.

　　Tom drives his car at 60 miles an hour.

　　4.表示不明身份或说话人不清楚的人或事物。常译作“一个叫……的人/物”。

　　A Smith called you just now.

　　5.不表示比较意义的形容词最高级前可用不定冠词。

　　Hiking is a most interesting outdoor activity.

　　6.不表示顺序而是表示“又一，再一”的序数词前用不定冠词。

　　They have a second house in the country.

　　7.knowledge/grasp/command/collection/understanding等一些由动词转化而来的抽象名词后接of...时，前面用不定冠词。

　　He has a good knowledge of English.

　　Media help us to have a better understanding of the world.

　　8.独一无二的事物前有修饰成分时可用不定冠词。

　　a full moon一轮满月　a brand­new world一个崭新的世界

　　9.表示三餐、星期、月份、季节等的名词前有形容词修饰或表示特定含义时前用不定冠词。

　　I remember it was on a rainy Monday that he left his hometown.

　　二、定冠词的用法

　　1.特指双方都知道的或上文中提到的人或物。

　　What a pity that you couldn't be there to receive the prize!

　　2.用在形容词或分词前，表一类人或物。

　　Many of the injured are still in a serious condition.

　　3.用在姓氏名词的复数形式前，表示一家人或夫妇俩。

　　I paid a visit to the Turners last week.

　　4.用在方位名词、乐器名词和宇宙中独一无二的事物前。

　　the east东部　play the piano弹钢琴

　　the universe宇宙　the moon月亮

　　5.用在序数词、比较级(两者相比较，表示特指的时候)、最高级和形容词only，very(恰好是)，same前。

　　It's the first time that I have been to China.

　　Which story is the more interesting of the two?

　　We were the only people there.

　　6.用于固定结构“动词+sb.+介词+the+身体部位”中。

　　take sb. by the arm 拉着某人的胳膊

　　hit sb. in the face/on the nose 打某人的脸/鼻子

　　7.用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前

　　。

　　The foreigners who come to China all want to travel to the Great Wall.

　　8.用在表示世纪、年代的词前。

　　The book was published in the 1980s.

　　9.the用于表示时间或度量单位的名词前，

　　如：by the hour/day/ week/month/year/dozen/yard/ton/kilo，但是size/weight/time这类名词跟by连用时不加冠词。

　　Workers are usually paid by the hour.

　　These goods are sold by weight.

　　定冠词用法口诀

　　特指、熟悉和重提，复数姓氏、最高级;

　　独一无二和年代，序数词、方位和乐器;

　　普通名词专有化，固定结构要牢记。

　　零冠词及冠词的某些固定用法

　　一、零冠词

　　1.物质名词、抽象名词、专有名词、不可数名词、国名、人名前通常不用冠词。

　　By getting close to nature, you can really get refreshed.

　　2.不可数名词、复数名词表泛指或类指时。

　　It isn't worthwhile spending so much time on minor problems.

　　Bicycles are still a popular means of transport in China.

　　3.名词前已有限定词时。

　　His car is much more expensive than mine.

　　4.表示三餐、球类、棋类、学科、季节、年、月、星期等的名词前。

　　He has milk and bread for breakfast every day.

　　Of all the subjects, I like physics best.

　　Autumn is a harvest season.

　　5.独一无二的头衔和职位名词作表语、补足语或同位语时。

　　Mr. Smith was elected president of our school.

　　6.as/though引导的倒装结构中，如果名词放于句首，习惯上使用零冠词单数名词。

　　Boy as/though he is, Justine has traveled to quite a few countries.

　　7.系动词turn后作表语的可数名词单数前。

　　Tom has turned (=become a) professional player.

　　8.表示交通方式的“by+名词”中的名词前。

　　He goes to work every day by taxi.

　　零冠词用法口诀

　　代词限定名词前，专有名词不可数。

　　学科交通三餐饭，季节星期月份前。

　　棋类球类阶级前，称呼习语和头衔。

　　as/though倒装较特殊，零冠词用法要记全。

　　二、含有冠词的某些固定短语

　　all of a sudden 突然

　　give sb. a ride 让某人搭便车

　　for a while 一会儿

　　at an early age 在很小的时候

　　as a result 结果

　　take the place of sb. 代替某人

　　in the way 挡路;妨碍

　　make the most/best of充分利用

　　by the way顺便说一下

　　on the whole总的来说

　　on the spot在现场

　　at first 起初，一开始

　　at present目前

　　on purpose故意

　　in advance提前